Contexts

• As a child of glossary
• As a child of rating

Content Attributes

• XML Global Attributes (e.g. xml:id)

• type

  Required:

  Maybe

  Type:

  xs:string

  Values:

  drugs

  nudity

  profanity

  sex

  suggestive-dialogue

  violence

  custom

• code

  Required:

  No

  Type:

  xs:string

  Purpose:

  Sets a locally-unique identifier for the rating definition or one of its components.

• maturity

  Required:

  No

  Type:

  xs:nonNegativeInteger

  Values:

  Range: 0–1 inclusive

  Purpose:

  Sets the relative maturity level of a rating definition.

• color

  Required:

  No

  Type:

  xs:string

  Values:

  Any valid CSS color value

  Purpose:

  Sets the canonical color representation for the rating level, typically indicating “severity” by way of color warmth. Does not guarantee faithful rendering by a User-agent, which may decide on other design treatments such as monochrome or high-contrast.

Definition

A content rating with which an Author can classify a piece of content.

Authoring

The type attribute accepts one or more values as a space-separated list. When it contains a list, any or all of the values may apply to the definition, depending on the rules of the rating system.

If the type attribute is not present, or is present but empty, any or all of the <rating>’s possible types, excluding custom, may apply.

If a rating element has another <rating> as its parent, and the parent has a type attribute, then the child’s type attribute is inherited from the parent and is optional. Otherwise, it is required.

If both the parent and the child <rating>s have types that don’t match, then the child <rating>’s type takes precedence.

The maturity attribute defines the rating level relative to other ratings on a scale from 0 to 1 inclusive, 0 meaning “little to no maturity required” to safely consume a piece of content (however that is defined by the rating system); 1 meaning “a lot of maturity required”.

If maturity is omitted and there is more than one <rating> for a given <glossary>, then maturity is calculated automatically as an even distribution according to the top-down source order starting at 0. So, for a set of five <rating>s without maturitys set, their maturitys would be calculated by a User-agent as 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 respectively. This is referred to as pre-ordering on behalf of the Author.

If maturity is omitted on the only <rating> for a given <glossary>, then the <rating> represents a binary rating rating and its maturity is equal to 1.

Examples

1. Defining the content rating for a video.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <video type="feature" xml:id="drive-2011">
      <title>Drive</title>
      <published>2011-05-20</published>
      <rating code="R" />
    </video>
   </hvml>

   On its own, all this says is that someone has used the letter “R” to indicate the recommended maturity level for the video’s audience. While most US moviegoers might understand this to be an abbreviation for “Restricted” as assigned by the MPAA, its meaning and origin may not be clear to non-US audiences or robots.

2. In order to provide better context, the previous example can be expanded to:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <video type="feature" xml:id="drive-2011">
      <title>Drive</title>
      <published>2011-05-20</published>
      <rating code="R" maturity="0.75">
        <entity>
          <name>Motion Picture Association of America</name>
          <nickname>MPAA</nickname>
          <site title="MPAA.org">https://www.mpaa.org</site>
        </entity>
        <title>Restricted</title>
        <subtitle>Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian</subtitle>
        <description>An R-rated motion picture, in the view of the Rating Board, contains some adult material. An R-rated motion picture may include adult themes, adult activity, hard language, intense or persistent violence, sexually-oriented nudity, drug abuse or other elements, so that parents are counseled to take this rating very seriously. Children under 17 are not allowed to attend R-rated motion pictures unaccompanied by a parent or adult guardian. Parents are strongly urged to find out more about R-rated motion pictures in determining their suitability for their children. Generally, it is not appropriate for parents to bring their young children with them to R-rated motion pictures.</description>
        <reason type="violence profanity nudity">strong brutal bloody violence, language and some nudity</reason>
      </rating>
    </video>
   </hvml>

   However, this would be a lot to include in a document or database describing multiple “R”-rated movies, so it is usually more economical to outsource most of the definition to a glossary, and link to that from the video’s local rating.

3. By linking via code, the applied rating references all of the glossary rating’s data, as if it were contained inline.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <meta>
      <glossary xml:id="mpaa" for="rating" party="3rd">
        <title>MPAA Ratings</title>
        <scheme>https://filmratings.com/Content/Downloads/rating_rules.pdf</scheme>
        <rating xml:id="mpaa-g" code="G" maturity="0">
          <title>General Audiences</title>
          <subtitle>General Audiences</subtitle>
        </rating>
        <!-- … -->
        <rating xml:id="mpaa-r" code="R" maturity="0.75">
          <title>Restricted</title>
          <subtitle>Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian</subtitle>
        </rating>
      </glossary>
    </meta>
    <video type="feature" xml:id="drive-2011">
      <title>Drive</title>
      <published>2011-05-20</published>
      <rating code="R">
        <reason type="violence profanity nudity">strong brutal bloody violence, language and some nudity</reason>
      </rating>
    </video>
   </hvml>

4. To disambiguate between clashing codes, the applied rating uses glossary scoping.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <meta>
      <glossary xml:id="mpaa" for="rating" party="3rd">
        <title>MPAA Ratings</title>
        <scheme>https://filmratings.com/Content/Downloads/rating_rules.pdf</scheme>
        <rating xml:id="mpaa-r" code="R" maturity="0.75">
          <title>Restricted</title>
          <subtitle>Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian</subtitle>
        </rating>
      </glossary>
      <glossary xml:id="joe-cool" for="rating" party="3rd">
        <title>Joe Cool’s Ratings</title>
        <scheme>http://peanuts.wikia.com/wiki/Joe_Cool</scheme>
        <rating xml:id="joe-cool-r" code="R" maturity="0">
          <title>Really Cool</title>
          <subtitle>Children Under 17 Don’t Require Jack, Man.</subtitle>
        </rating>
      </glossary>
    </meta>
    <video type="feature" xml:id="drive-2011">
      <title>Drive</title>
      <published>2011-05-20</published>
      <rating glossary="#mpaa" code="R">
        <reason type="violence profanity nudity">strong brutal bloody violence, language and some nudity</reason>
      </rating>
    </video>
   </hvml>

5. Alternatively, ratings can link to glossary definitions by ID. This requires importing the xlink namespace on the root node.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml
    xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#"
    xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
    xml:lang="en"
   >
    <meta>
      <glossary xml:id="mpaa" for="rating" party="3rd">
        <title>MPAA Ratings</title>
        <scheme>https://filmratings.com/Content/Downloads/rating_rules.pdf</scheme>
        <rating xml:id="mpaa-g" code="G" maturity="0">
          <title>General Audiences</title>
          <subtitle>General Audiences</subtitle>
        </rating>
        <!-- … -->
        <rating xml:id="mpaa-r" code="R" maturity="0.75">
          <title>Restricted</title>
          <subtitle>Children Under 17 Require Accompanying Parent or Adult Guardian</subtitle>
        </rating>
      </glossary>
    </meta>
    <video type="feature" xml:id="drive-2011">
      <title>Drive</title>
      <published>2011-05-20</published>
      <rating xlink:href="#mpaa-r">
        <reason type="violence profanity nudity">strong brutal bloody violence, language and some nudity</reason>
      </rating>
    </video>
   </hvml>

6. Defining a glossary of three profanity content ratings, on a scale from least profane to most profane.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <glossary xml:id="yt" for="ratings">
      <title>YouTube Content Rating</title>
      <scheme>https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/146399?hl=en</scheme>
      <rating type="profanity">
        <rating code="L-" color="green">
          <title>None</title>
        </rating>
        <rating code="L" color="yellow">
         <title>Strong language</title>
       </rating>
        <rating code="L+" color="red">
          <title>Explicit language</title>
        </rating>
      </rating>
    </glossary>
   </hvml>

7. Defining a glossary of three profanity content ratings, on a scale from least profane to most profane, with explicit maturity ranking.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <glossary xml:id="yt" for="ratings">
      <title>YouTube Content Rating</title>
      <scheme>https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/146399?hl=en</scheme>
      <rating type="profanity">
        <rating code="L-" maturity="0" color="green">
          <title>None</title>
        </rating>
        <rating code="L" maturity="0.5" color="yellow">
         <title>Strong language</title>
       </rating>
        <rating code="L+" maturity="1" color="red">
          <title>Explicit language</title>
        </rating>
      </rating>
    </glossary>
   </hvml>

8. Defining a binary content rating, with an implied maturity of 1.

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <hvml xmlns="https://hypervideo.tech/hvml#" xml:lang="en">
    <glossary xml:id="pal" for="ratings">
      <title>Parental Advisory Label</title>
      <scheme>https://www.riaa.com/resources-learning/pal-standards/</scheme>
      <rating type="profanity sex violence drugs" code="PAL">
        <title>Parental Advisory Label</title>
      </rating>
    </glossary>
   </hvml>

Parsing

If the type attribute is present and set to an unrecognized, non-empty string, interpret the type as being set to the exact string custom, to gracefully degrade in the event of future permissible values.

If the type attribute is present and set to the exact string custom, then the <rating> has nonstandard semantics which the User-agent MAY infer from heuristics.